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1995 |
1998 |
1999 |
| People |
| Population, total |
34.8 million |
36.1 million |
36.6 million |
| Population density (people per sq km) |
12.7 |
13.2 |
13.4 |
| Population growth (annual %) |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) |
72.7 |
.. |
73.6 |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) |
2.7 |
.. |
2.5 |
| Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) |
22.2 |
.. |
18.4 |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) |
.. |
.. |
22.0 |
| Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5) |
.. |
.. |
.. |
| Urban population (% of total) |
88.4 |
89.3 |
89.6 |
| Population density, rural (people per sq km) |
16.1 |
15.5 |
.. |
| Illiteracy rate, adult male (% of males 15+) |
3.6 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
| Illiteracy rate, adult female (% of females 15+) |
3.7 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
| School enrollment, primary (% net) |
.. |
100.0 |
.. |
| School enrollment, secondary (% net) |
.. |
74.0 |
.. |
| School enrollment, primary, female (% net) |
.. |
100.0 |
.. |
| School enrollment, secondary, female (% net) |
.. |
76.0 |
.. |
| Environment |
| Surface area (sq km) |
2.8 million |
2.8 million |
2.8 million |
| Forest area (sq. km) |
.. |
.. |
.. |
| Annual deforestation (% of change) |
.. |
.. |
.. |
| Freshwater resources per capita (cubic meters) |
.. |
.. |
.. |
| CO2 emissions, industrial (metric tons per capita) |
3.8 |
.. |
.. |
| Improved water source, urban (% of urban population with access) |
71.0 |
.. |
.. |
| Improved sanitation facilities, urban (% of urban population with access) |
80.0 |
.. |
.. |
| Commercial energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) |
1,579.5 |
1,725.9 |
.. |
| Electric power consumption per capita (kwh) |
1,593.2 |
1,891.4 |
.. |
| Economy |
| GDP at market prices (current US$) |
258.4 billion |
299.4 billion |
283.7 billion |
| GDP growth (annual %) |
-2.8 |
3.9 |
-3.4 |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) |
256.8 billion |
290.0 billion |
276.2 billion |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) |
7,390.0 |
8,030.0 |
7,550.0 |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) |
.. |
.. |
.. |
| Agriculture, value added (% of GDP) |
5.7 |
5.6 |
4.6 |
| Industry, value added (% of GDP) |
28.0 |
28.6 |
27.6 |
| Services, etc., value added (% of GDP) |
66.3 |
65.8 |
67.7 |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
9.7 |
10.4 |
9.8 |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
10.1 |
12.9 |
11.5 |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) |
17.9 |
19.9 |
17.9 |
| Current revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) |
14.0 |
13.7 |
.. |
| Overall budget deficit, including grants (% of GDP) |
-1.2 |
-1.5 |
.. |
| Money and quasi money growth (annual %) |
-2.8 |
10.5 |
4.1 |
| Technology and infrastructure |
| Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people) |
159.0 |
197.0 |
201.0 |
| Telephone average cost of local call (US$ per three minutes) |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
| Personal computers (per 1,000 people) |
24.4 |
41.6 |
49.2 |
| Internet hosts (per 10,000 people) |
1.5 |
15.9 |
27.8 |
| Roads, paved (%) |
29.1 |
29.5 |
29.4 |
| Aircraft departures |
.. |
.. |
.. |
| Trade and finance |
| Trade in goods (% of PPP GDP) |
10.8 |
12.8 |
10.9 |
| Trade in goods as a share of goods GDP (%) |
.. |
.. |
.. |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) |
4.1 |
6.0 |
7.7 |
| Net barter terms of trade (1995=100) |
100.0 |
103.9 |
.. |
| Foreign direct investment, net inflows in reporting country (WDI, current US$) |
5.3 billion |
6.7 billion |
23.9 billion |
| Present value of debt (current US$) |
0.0 |
150.5 billion |
154.4 billion |
| Total debt service (TDS, current US$) |
8.9 billion |
21.5 billion |
25.7 billion |
| Short-term debt outstanding (DOD, current US$) |
21.4 billion |
31.0 billion |
31.5 billion |
| Aid per capita (current US$) |
4.1 |
2.1 |
2.5 |
| Source: World Development Indicators database, July 2000 |