Alfonso, aus dem Prozess der Schwarzen Gemeinschaften in Kolumbien wird nach Europa reisen um an den anti WEF Vorbereitungstreffen in Genf teilzunehmen (16-17 Dezember), und um mit Leuten zu sprechen die daran interessiert sind etwas zur verheerenden Situation in Kolumbien zu tun. Er wird auch in Freiburg (i.Br) am 13.12 (nächsten Mittwoch) ein Vortrag halten und wird auch nach dem Treffen in Genf ein paar Tahe dort bleiben um weitere Vorbereitungen einer Kampagne zu machen. Wenn du / ihr am Thema interessiert seid, wäre es Klasse wenn ihr in Genf noch ein bißchen länger bleiben könntet, am besten bis Montag abend.
In weiteren emails bekommt ihr eine Zusammenfassung auf Spanisch der intensiven Mordattacken durch die Paramilitärs (letzte Woche fand in Kolumbien die heftigste Massaker je durch Paramilitärs, eine bislang unbekannte Zahl von Menschen wurde umgebracht, bislang sind 70 identifiziert aber es sind sicherlich mehr da mehrere Körper zerstückelt wurden und in einen Sumpf geworfen) und die aktuellen Drohungen (die kolumbianische Amee hat weitere Massaker durch die Paramilitärs angekündigt in der Weihnachtszeit). Die Intensivierung des Krieges dient das Terrain im Vorfeld 'frei zu machen' für die militärische Intervention von US Truppen in Kolumbien (logistisch von der Niederländischen Regierung unterstützt). Wir hoffen die Nachricht auch bald ins Englische usw übersetzt zu haben.
Der Krieg in Kolumbien wird sicherlich auf die anderen Länder der Region übergreifen, es hat das Operationsfeld der Paramilitärs schon erweitert und von allen anderen Akteuren im Konflikt über die Grenzen von Panama, Venezuela, Brasil, Peru und Ecuador hinaus. Die US Armee hat bereits weitere Militärbasen in der Region aufgebaut speziell für den Plan Colombia, einschließlich die größte US Militärbasis in Lateinamerika in Manta (Ecuador) und weitere Länder hin bis zum El Salvador. Sie haben sogar die Unterstützund der Niederländischen Regierung um von der Niederländischen Kolonie Curacao (an der Küste Venezuelas) aus zu handeln und um die Region zu überfliegen. Das ganze ist ein remake des Vietnam Krieges, aber dieses Mal mit extensivem Gebrauch von genmanipulierten Biologischen Waffen und Einwicklung von Europäischen Regierungen und Konzerne. In einem anderen mail findet ihr eine gute Zusammenfassung der Diskussionen die im Konvergenzzentrum in Prag stattgefunden haben zu Plan Colombia und die Kapagnen Ideen von einigen AktivistInnen aus Bristol in England (erläutert von einem Chomsky Artikel ).
Wir schlagen vor in Genf ein Diskussionsprozess zu inizieren, darüber wie wir eine Kampagne in Europa gestalten könnten, basierend auf dem Vorschlag der von einigen Kolumbianischen Bewegungen kommt (Schwarze, Indigenen, BäuerInnen). Ein wichtiger Teil von ihren Vorschlägen ist davon wird erstmal eine SprecherInnen Tour sein von KolumbianerInnen durch Europa sein, die der PCN vorgeschlagen hat vom 19. Januar bis Ende Februar zu halten (um auch an den anti WEF Proteste teilzunehmen). Es werden 6 VertreterInnen der schwarzen Gemeinschaften da sein die in jeweils in Gruppen von zwei reisen (eine Frau und ein Mann ) und hoffentlich auch einige VertrerInnen aus Indigenen und BäuerInnenbewegungen (das ist bislang leider noch nicht bestätigt). Wir möchten in Genf diese Tours besprechen und auch die anderen Vorschläge der KolumbianerInnen. Wir hoffen, daß die Leute die an den anti WEF Protesten arbeiten Kolumbien zu eines ihrer Themen im Protest machen werden.
Alfonso kommt schon vor dem Treffen in Genf an, um am Mittwoch den 13. An einem event am Europäischen Parlament in Strasburg teilzunehmen, zusammen mit zwei anderen Kolumbianern: ein Berater des Nationalen Farmers Rates und ein Indigener der gerade (zum ersten Mal in der kolumbiansichen Geschichte) zum Gouverneur von Cauca gewählt wurde, eine der gewaltätigsten und kolonialen Regionen Kolumbiens, am Norden der Pazifikküste; er war der Kandidat eines Bündnisses von Indigenen, Schwarze, BäuerInnen und andere soziale Bewegungen). Alfonso wird am abend des gleichen Tages im selbstverwalteten Zentrum KTS (Baslerstr. 103) in Freiburg ein Vortrag halten, zusammen mit den zwei anderen Leuten (noch nicht bestätigt). Wenn ihr am Treffen teilnehmen wollt, könnt ihr euch an desaparecido@nadir.org wenden.
Einige Personen die den PCN unterstützen
hier folgt eine Zusammenstellung zu den Hintergründen im Plan Colombia (leider nur auf Englisch), ganz unten (Punkt 4) ist dann der Aufruf des PCN auf deutsch.
STOP THE WAR IN COLUMBIA! STOP US MILITARY INTERVENTION!
STOP BIOLOGICAL WARFARE!
Hi folks. This rather lengthy e-mail gives a brief explanation of Plan Colombia and the horrors that it will bring to Latin America. The meeting in Bristol is to discuss how to build a global resistance movement to the Plan. How to realise the struggle in our own terms and in our own countries, and to discuss what practical steps can be taken to stop it. This IS the Vietnam for our generation. So let's do something to stop it.
If you don't have time to read it all, the beggining of section 3 gives a brief overview, with the rest of it covering the issues in more detail.
PRAGUE FEEDBACK
At the S26 demonstrations against the IMF and World Bank in Prague, community leaders from the Black Autonomous Communities of Colombia were present, as were their companeros from Bolivia, Ecuador, Honduras and Panama. Coming from some of the poorest areas in Latin America, they told a tale of repression, ethnocide and ecocide. Of a war being waged against them under the guise of the USA's "War on Drugs". Of community leaders massacred by government-backed CIA trained paramilitaries. Of mass displacements and disappearances. What happens after displacement? Time for the good old US-based multinationals to move in. Sound familiar?
NOTE ON PCN
PCN (Proceso de Comunidades Negras) are planning an improvised Tour through Europe in December/January. The PCN is trying to internationalise its struggle. PCN is at a stage of developing an international strategy which it would like to develop in co-operation with 'us'. In Prague the following aims and areas of work were identified:
Creating international visibility and legitimacy:
The armed conflict in Colombia has lead to an apparent polarisation between guerilla and State - as the only two actors in the conflict, leaving several other sectors of society and social struggles invisible.
informing as much as possible about the situation in Colombia, the true impact of Plan Colombia on people and nature and the true motivations behind this war - the cruellest form of capitalism,.
Their ancestors have taught them a saying " I am because we are" (soy porque somos) meaning that an individual can only be free if the people around are free too. This was a fundamental principle in the struggle against slavery which built their movements. Now in this age of globalised capitalism they said their struggle for freedom can only be successful if other struggles for freedom succeed to. They would like to develop new forms of International solidarity based on that principle.
In 1999, Colombia became the leading recipient of U.S. military and police assistance. Clinton's recently approved Colombia Plan escalates this situation, with a $1.6 billion "emergency aid" package - mostly in the form of military aid. The EU is also participating in the Columbia Plan.
Columbia has had an ongoing civil war for over three decades. Quite predictably, the announcement of the Colombia Plan led to counter measures by the guerillas. This will lead to military escalation, rather than peace.
The Colombia Plan is officially justified in terms of the "drug war". However, the targets of the Colombia Plan are the guerilla forces based and the peasantry and indigenous people who are calling for internal social change. This would interfere with how the States want Colombia integrated into its neoliberal plans for world domination and corporate expropriation of Colombia's valuable resources, including oil.
It's the same old story with the usual suspects. Multinationals, backed by Western governments and the World Bank and IMF are rubbing their greedy hands over their plans for Colombia. With privatisation of national industries, water and power utilities and the opportunity to steal lots of land off the locals - they have a lot of money to make. The people who oppose this become the real targets of US-backed oppression. The reports coming out tell the horrors of CIA trained paramilitaries who seem to have graduated with flying colours from the School Of Americas. Chopping up people in massacres, cutting unborn children from their still-living mothers wombs, violent scenes of torture and death. The message to the communities is clear: "Mess with us, and this is what you'll get."
When scrutinising Plan Colombia, we should ask a few questions. If the US wants to give alternatives, other from the drug industry, to the Colombian people, then why does the Plan include only token funding for alternative crops? If Clinton is serious about attacking the drug lords (narcos), why do the counterinsurgency battalions target and attack the weakest and most socially fragile link of the drug chain: the production by peasants, settlers and indigenous people? Why is more not done back home to stamp out drugs in the States, oh, and why is Uncle Sam not too bothered about stopping the money from the drug trade ending up in US coffers - 90 per cent of "laundered" narcodollars stay in America? Maybe, there's another agenda being served.
FUMIGATION AND THE GENTICALLY MODIFIED FUTURE
The Clinton administration also insists that any peace agreement must permit crop destruction measures and other U.S. counternarcotics operations in Colombia. The same is true of the chemical and biological weapons that Washington employs. These measures multiply the dangers to the civilian population, the environment, and legal agriculture. They destroy legal food crops like yucca and bananas, water sources, pastures, livestock and all the crops included in coca crop substitution programs. There are also uncertain but potentially severe effects on the fragile tropical rainforest environment, which contains significant parts of the planet's biodiversity.
The genetically modified mycoherbicide used to destroy coca plantations - part developed at the Long Ashton Research Institute in Bristol - will financially benefit the corporations that will mass-produce it for the Plan. The same will be said for the parasitic multinationals that will move in to "develop" the areas devastated by the ecocide. At the end of the day, the Fat Cats get fatter, while the population starves.
Since the fumigation of coca crops began a couple of years ago, cocaine production has rocketed, alongside the rapid increase in massacres (which is almost doubling year on year).
SIMILAR SITUATION THROUGHOUT THE REGION
Much the same is true throughout the Andean region. For instance, there is a similar situation developing in Bolivia, with "Plan Dignidad". This is being met by widespread resistance. Additionally, anti drug spraying programs are developing in Thailand and Afghanistan. The whole of Latin America is under threat as the United States' global police force readies itself for war.
GENERAL SITUATION IN COLUMBIA
Through the 1990s, Colombia has been the leading recipient of U.S. military aid in Latin America, and has also compiled the worst human rights record. In Colombia, however, the military armed and trained by the United States has not crushed domestic resistance, though it continues to produce its regular annual toll of atrocities. Each year, some 300,000 new refugees are driven from their homes, with a death toll of about 3,000 and many horrible massacres. The great majority of atrocities are attributed to the paramilitary forces. a UN study reported that the Colombian security forces that are to be greatly strengthened by the Colombia Plan maintain an intimate relationship with death-squads, organise paramilitary forces, and either participate in their massacres directly or, by failing to take action. The rate of killings had increased by almost 20 percent over the preceding year, and that the proportion attributable to the paramilitaries had risen from 46 percent in 1995 to almost 80 percent in 1998, continuing through 1999. 68 percent increase in massacres in the first half of 1999 as compared to the same period of 1998, reaching more than one a day, overwhelmingly attributed to paramilitaries.
prominent human rights activists continue to flee abroad under death threats. several trade unionists are murdered every week, mostly by paramilitaries supported by the government security forces. Forced displacement in 1998 was 20 percent above 1997, and increased in 1999. Colombia now has the largest displaced population in the world.
Hailed as a leading democracy by Clinton and other U.S. leaders and political commentators, Colombia did at last permit an independent party to challenge the elite system of power-sharing. The fact that about 3,000 activists from this party were assassinated shows the outrageousness of these claims. Meanwhile, shameful socio-economic conditions persist, leaving much of the population in misery in a rich country with concentration of wealth and land-ownership that is high even by Latin American standards. The situation became worse in the 1990s as a result of the neoliberal reforms". Approximately 55 percent of Colombia's population lives below the poverty level.
Ten years ago, as U.S.-backed state terror was increasing sharply, the Minister of Defense called for "total war in the political, economic, and social arenas," while another high military official explained that guerillas were of secondary importance: "the real danger" is "what the insurgents have called the political and psychological are," the war "to control the popular elements" and "to manipulate the masses." The "subversives" hope to influence unions, universities, media, and so on.
POLITICS OF DRUGS IN COLUMBIA
The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) reports that "all branches of government" in Colombia are involved in "drug-related corruption." Other observers have also reported the heavy involvement of the military in narcotrafficking, and the U.S. military has also been drawn in. The paramilitaries openly proclaim their reliance on the drug business. However, the U.S. and Latin American press report, "the US-financed attack stays clear of the areas controlled by paramilitary forces," though "the leader of the paramilitaries [Carlos Castano] acknowledged last week in a television interview that the drug trade provided 70 percent of the group's funding."
In standard U.S. terminology, the FARC forces are "narco-guerillas," a useful concept as a cover for counterinsurgency, but one that has been sharply criticised on factual grounds. It is agreed-and FARC leaders say-that they rely for funding on coca production, which they tax, as they tax other businesses. But "'The guerillas are something different from the traffickers', says Klaus Nyholm, who runs the UN Drug Control Program," which has agents throughout the drug producing regions. He describes the local FARC fronts as "quite autonomous." In some areas "they are not involved at all" in coca production and in others "they actively tell the farmers not to grow [coca]."
WHY DRUGS IN COLUMBIA?
Why do peasants in Colombia grow cocaine, not other crops? The reasons are well known. Peasants grow coca because of the crisis in the agricultural sector of Latin American countries, escalated by the general economic crisis in the region. There ard other factors that operate to increase coca production. Colombia was once a major wheat producer. However, due to developments in free trade and the globalised economy, wheat production has been undermined. A year before President Bush announced the "drug war" with great fanfare (once again), the international coffee agreement was suspended under U.S. pressure, on grounds of "fair trade violations." The result was a fall of prices of more than 40 percent within two months for Colombia's leading legal export.
GLOBAL POLITICS OF DRUGS
In the 1960s, many third world governments (acting through UNCTAD-United Nations Commission on Trade and Development) proposed a "new international economic order" in which the needs of the large majority of people of the world would be a prominent concern. One proposal was a program for stabilising commodity prices for third world products (e.g. coffee, sugar, bananas etc)- a practice that is standard within the industrial countries by means of one or another form of subsidy. However, this was successfully resisted by agribusiness and now free trade has ensured that those with market power in the food chain (from energy corporations to retailers) are enjoying great profits while the agricultural crisis, which is real, is concentrated in the middle of the chain, among smaller farmers, who produce the food farmers are therefore compelled to turn to crops for which there is a stable market. The result is that drug entrepreneurs can easily find farmers eager to grow coca, cannabis or opium for which there is always a ready market in the rich societies. Furthermore, IMF-World Bank programs demand that countries open their borders to a flood of (heavily subsidised) agricultural products from the rich countries, with the obvious effect of undermining local production. Those displaced are either driven to urban slums (thus lowering wage rates for foreign investors) or instructed to become "rational peasants," producing for the export market and seeking the highest prices-which translates as "coca, cannabis, opium." Having learned their lessons properly, they are rewarded by attack by military gunships while their fields are destroyed by chemical and biological warfare, courtesy of Washington and European governments.
DRUGS, TOBACCO, AND HYPOCRISY
The US Supreme Court recently concluded that it has been "amply demonstrated" that tobacco use is "perhaps the single most significant threat to public health in the United States," responsible for more than 400,000 deaths a year, more than AIDS, car accidents, alcohol, homicides, illegal drugs, suicides, and fires combined." As use of this lethal substance has declined in the U.S. companies have shifted to markets abroad, such as Columbia. In comparison to the 400,000 deaths caused by tobacco every year in the United States, "drug"-related deaths reached a record 16,000 in 1997. Tobacco products are not only forced on countries, but also advertising for them, under threat of trade sanctions. The Colombian cartels, in contrast, are not permitted to run huge advertising campaigns in which a Joe Camel-counterpart extols the wonders of cocaine.
DRUGS AND POVERY AT HOME
Furthermore, only 4 out of 10 "drug" addicts who needed treatment received it, according to a White House report. The seriousness of concern over use of drugs was illustrated when a House Committee was considering the Clinton Colombia Plan. It rejected an amendment calling for funding of drug demand reduction services. It is well known that these are far more effective than forceful measures. But the inexpensive and effective path will not be followed. Rather, the drug war targets alike poor peasants in southern countries and poor people in northern countries. While Clinton's Colombia Plan was being formulated, senior administration officials discussed a proposal by the Office of Budget and Management to take $100 million from the $1.3 billion then planned for Colombia, to be used for treatment of U.S. addicts. There was near-unanimous opposition, particularly from the US "drug czar". Since 1980 "the war on drugs" has shifted to punishing offenders, border surveillance, and fighting production at the source countries. One consequence, both in Europe and North America, is the enormous increase in drug-related (often victimless) crimes and an explosion in the prison population, with no detectable effect on availability or price of drugs.
4 )Aufruf des PCN (Prozess Schwarzen Gemeinschaften)
Plan Colombia (de)
Plan Colombia (en)
Aufruf des PCN in engl. und spanisch